Tinjauan Literatur Sistematis Strategi Inovasi di UKM
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Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan meninjau secara sistematis strategi inovasi pada Usaha Kecil dan Menengah (UKM), dengan fokus pada perkembangan, indikator utama, serta hambatan penerapannya. Studi ini menggunakan metode tinjauan literatur sistematis berbasis PRISMA terhadap publikasi di Scopus periode 2016–2025, menghasilkan 20 artikel relevan untuk dianalisis. Hasil kajian menunjukkan adanya pergeseran strategi inovasi UKM dari pendekatan internal menuju inovasi terbuka dan kolaborasi eksternal, dengan diversifikasi tipe inovasi (produk, proses, model bisnis) yang berimplikasi pada ekspansi pasar internasional. Indikator utama mencakup ambidexterity inovatif, keterlibatan ekosistem digital, orientasi customer-driven, serta dukungan kebijakan institusional. Hambatan yang ditemukan meliputi variasi definisi inovasi, keterbatasan data, perbedaan konteks regional, serta kendala pembiayaan dan keterampilan digital. Studi ini menekankan pentingnya dukungan kebijakan, kapasitas manajerial, dan ekosistem inovasi untuk meningkatkan daya saing UKM di negara berkembang. Temuan ini memberikan kontribusi konseptual bagi pengembangan model strategi inovasi UKM yang relevan secara global maupun lokal.
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References
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